Tourist firm opposed to public road through Serengeti

Singita Grumeti Reserves said yesterday that it is opposed to a public road through the Serengeti National Park, unless it is under the jurisdiction of the Tanzania National Park’s (TANAPA) and used solely for tourism purposes.

This comes barely a few days after President Jakaya Kikwete assured the public, and especially people from outside the country and environmental activists, that he himself was an activist with regard to environmental preservation and a lover of the Serengeti National Park.

The President said in his monthly address that the decision by the government to construct a road through Ngorongoro and Serengeti game parks would upset many people, especially environmental activists and wildlife lovers.

In a statement made available to this paper yesterday, Singita Grumeti Reserves said the preservation of the Serengeti National Park and the protection of the wildebeest migration route in northern Serengeti was critical, adding that Singita Grumeti Reserves has been an integral part of the conservation effort.

“Recently there have been reports that there are plans to construct a major highway running through the northern section of Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, which is home to the world-famous wildebeest and zebra migration, and Grumeti Reserves is one among those mentioned as sponsors of the road construction,” it said.

It said Singita’s mission was to support low impact, sustainable ecotourism in the Serengeti as the best way to improve the economic opportunities of Serengeti district residents. Singita has been the largest supporter of conservation and community development in the Serengeti since 2003 and is deeply committed to the people and wildlife of Tanzania.

Most recently, in May 2010, it partnered with the Tanzanian government to reintroduce the first black rhino in the Serengeti in over forty years, at a project cost of over USD5 million.

President Jakaya Kikwete recently clarified the confusion regarding government plans to construct a tarmac road from Arusha to Mara which would pass through the Sengereti National Park.

According to the statement issued yesterday, the President said construction of the tarmac road would start from Musoma to Mto wa Mbu via Magumu in Sengereti district, onward to Liliondo in Ngorongoro district.

Promote sustainable charcoal production

While environmentalists have consistently warned of the dangers of widespread use of charcoal as an energy source, millions of people especially in developing countries including Tanzania are still dependent on it.

It remains the basic means of cooking and earning a living despite the inherent threat to forest resources and environmental degradation.

Available statistics show that Africa is the most affected by the menace. The continent is said to be losing its forest cover twice as fast as the rest of the world, according to a recent United Nations report.

The report says four million hectares of forests in Africa are felled each year, with the result that while the continent originally boasted seven million square kilometres of forests, a third of that has now been lost, mostly to charcoal trade.

Tanzania too is among countries that are reported to be endangered. Recent studies reveal shocking findings that the country’s overall forest cover could disappear in about ten to 16 decades if the current deforestation trend is not curbed.

The studies, undertaken separately by the Conservation International – a US non-profit organisation and the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), show respectively that 2,300 and 4,200 square kilometres of forests in Tanzania are being destroyed annually.

It is for this reason that we praise the move by Barclays Bank Tanzania Limited to inject 1.5bn/- in the Dar es Salaam Charcoal Project (DCP), a three year undertaking aimed at educating local people on how to cut down deforestation through tree planting and sustainable charcoal production.

According to the bank’s Head of Community Relations, Moni Msemo, the project will cover 12 villages of Kisarawe and Rufiji Districts in Coast regions which are major suppliers of charcoal to the country’s biggest charcoal consuming metropolitan, Dar es Salaam.

We believe that by targeting Dar es Salaam, the project’s success would have a huge impact on the national environment conservation efforts.

While the government has been undertaking annual tree planting campaigns in the country as well as sensitising the people on the dangers of deforestation, the move by Barclays Bank is a shining example of public-private partnership worth emulation.

We appeal to other private institutions to take a leaf from the Dar project and set up similar projects in other parts of the country so that charcoal production using bio-energy technology should not only help cut deforestation but also offer employment to the many jobless youths.

What Tanzanians ought to bear in mind is that fending off environmental conservation is a war that requires full mass participation.

The production of charcoal and the use of it as fuel, and the burning of forests to clear land for agricultural development or other purposes are activities responsible for the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to global warming. This may result in constant drought, crop failure, flooding, water shortage and the emergence of refugees fleeing disaster areas.

Therefore sustainable production of charcoal is one of the ways of saving ourselves from disaster.

This war can only be won through massive tree planting and protecting forests which absorb carbon dioxide and thus prevent global warming.

100 million years fossil found in Tanzania

FOSSIL remains of an ancient crocodile with cat-like features that feasted on insects and other small animals have been recovered from a riverbank in south-western Tanzania.

The short, agile creature lived 105 million years ago, alongside dinosaurs, on a landscape dominated by a large river system and vast floodplains rich with vegetation.The unusual creature is changing the picture of animal life at 100 million years ago in what is now sub-Saharan Africa.

The animal had a small, broad skull, a robust lower jaw and bony protective plates on its back and tail.

Unlike modern crocodiles, it had fewer armoured plates on its body, making it more nimble.

Fossil hunters discovered a complete skeleton of the animal in red sandstone sediments while working along a riverbank in what is now the Rukwa Rift Basin in Tanzania.

Because the specimen was encased in rock with its jaws tightly clamped shut, the team used an X-ray scanner to reveal details of the skull and dentition.

The most curious feature of the animal was its teeth, which were more like those of a mammal than a reptile. While the teeth of modern crocodiles tend to be cone-shaped and pointed at the end to seize and tear prey, the ancient crocodile had a variety, including primitive canines, premolars and molars.

"Once we were able to get a close look at the teeth, we knew we had something new and very exciting," said Patrick O'Connor at Ohio University.

The new species has been named Pakasuchus kapilimai, where Paka means cat in Kiswahili, and suchus comes from the Greek for crocodile. The latter part of the name, kapilimai, honours a late researcher, Saidi Kapilimai, at the University of Dar es Salaam, who led the project.

The animal lived at a time when the southern supercontinent of Gondwana was breaking up into Africa, India, Australia, Madagascar and Antarctica.

Relatively few mammals of a similar age have been uncovered from this part of the world, and it is possible that Pakasuchus occupied a mammalian niche in the Gondwana ecosystem during the period.

The creature is not a close relative of modern crocodiles, but belonged to a successful sidebranch of the lineage, according to details published in the journal Nature. Previous fossil finds show that ancient crocodiles were once more varied in shape and size than those alive today.

Collaborators on the study include Jesuit Temba of the Tanzanian Antiquities Unit, Nancy Stevens and Ryan Ridgely of Ohio University; Joseph Sertich of Stony Brook University; Eric Roberts of James Cook University; Michael Gottfried of Michigan State University; Tobin Hieronymus of the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine; Zubair Jinnah of the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa and Sifa Ngasala of Michigan State University and the University of Dar es Salaam.